This recipe is with a thawed turkey, but I will leave a few notes on what to do with a frozen or deeply chilled turkey later in the post.
Remove turkey from its bag and take out any giblets inside of it (spoiler: we keep the neck and giblets and roast them or save them for the gravy!)
Pat dry the entire turkey with paper towels and place on a rimmed baking sheet or toasting pan.
In a bowl, mix together the citrus zests, herbs, spices and sugar and stir to combine, then rub the mixture all over the turkey, getting into the crevices and under the skin if you can.
Make room in the refrigerator and place the seasoned turkey in the fridge, uncovered for at least 8 hours. I like to do this right before bed the night before Thanksgiving.
Remove turkey from the fridge about an hour before you're ready to roast it and pre-heat your oven to 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
While the oven is preheating, rub the softened butter all over the turkey, getting under the skin as well. Some of the herbs may rub off and you can add more zaatar all over if you'd like.
Next, fill the turkey cavity with halved onions, garlic bulbs and lemons or oranges and tie the legs togetehr with kitchen twine.
Place turkey in a roasting pan and roast at 450 degrees for 30 minutes, then lower the temperate to 350 degrees Fahrenheit and continue roasting for another 2 hours or until the thickest part reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
Once done, remove turkey from oven and let rest for at least 20 minutes before carving.